To configure Cisco series routers to support the Cisco IOS Layer 2 COS matching and marking feature, use the following commands, beginning in global configuration mode:. Configure the QoS class map. To verify the class-map configuration, enter the command show class-map class-map-name. Up to 8 differentiated services codepoint values or 4 class-of-service values can be entered. Configure the QoS Policy Map. Configure the policy criteria. Set the encapsulation type for the interface configured in Step Configure the QoS service policy.
The following example shows the configuration of the Note the configuration of the class-map, policy-map, and QoS service policy. In this master-and-slave protocol model, the Call Agents are external to the MGs and the gateways execute commands sent by the Call Agents.
The MGCP does not define a mechanism for synchronizing Call Agents; the protocol assumes that the commands the Call Agents send to the gateways under their control are synchronized and coherent. The MGCP is not a standard and is currently in version 1. The MGCP 1. The feature is backward-compatible with MGCP 0. The T. The RFC facilitates interoperability with third-party platforms including, but not limited to: voice mail, unified messaging, voice gateways, and media servers.
These features are usually found in circuit-based networks. Poor voice quality on an MGCP voice network can result from the following sources:. The first two causes of poor voice quality are overcome by the use of echo cancellation and better codec selection. It is supported on MGCP 1. Trigger thresholds are configurable on the gateway. If all three CAC types are configured on a gateway, the gateway checks resources in the following order:.
If any resource check fails, the call fails and no further checks are performed. When the call fails, the gateway refuses to accept it. The modem passthrough over VoIP feature provides the transport of modem signals through a packet network by using pulse code modulation PCM encoded packets. The SIP is an application-layer signaling protocol for creating and controlling multimedia sessions with two or more participants and a client-server protocol transported over TCP or UDP.
The messages in the protocol might have IP addresses embedded in the packet payload. If a message passes through a router configured with NAT, the embedded information must be translated and encoded back to the packet. In Release To configure more ports, use the following command:. The query string has a prefix in the form of "protocol. This prefix style, from RFC , has always been available; however, with this release, a second style is also available.
The addition of the underscore reduces the risk of the same name being used for unrelated purposes. The form compliant with RFC is the default style. The CC-Diversion header field enables the SIP gateway to pass call control redirecting information during the call setup. Call control redirection is the redirection of a call based on a subscriber service such as call forwarding or call deflection. Call redirection information is information that is typically used for Unified Messaging and voice mail services to identify the recipient of a message.
Call control rediversion information can also be used to support applications such as automatic call distribution and enhanced telephony features such as Do Not Disturb and Caller ID.
In addition, information such as the reason the call was redirected is included in the CC-Diversion header field.
See the online-only document SIP Diversion Header Implementation for Redirecting Number for call flow samples of the following types of gateway-to-gateway calls:. In previous releases of Cisco IOS software, the source address of a packet going out of the gateway was never deterministic. That is, the session protocols and VoIP layers always depended on the IP layer to give the best local address.
The best local address was then used as the source address the address showing where the SIP request came from for signaling and media packets. Using this nondeterministic address occasionally caused confusion for firewall applications, as a firewall could not be configured with an exact address and would take action on several different source address packets.
However, the bind interface command allows you to configure the source IP address of signaling and media packets to a specific interface's IP address. Thus, the address that goes out on the packet is bound to the IP address of the interface specified with the bind command.
Packets that are not destined to the bound address are discarded. When you do not want to specify a bind address, or if the interface is down, the IP layer still provides the best local address. The bind command performs different functions based on the state of the interface:.
Socket listeners receive datagrams addressed to the socket. The sockets are then opened to listen to any IP address. If the outgoing gateway has the bind command enabled and has an active call, the call becomes a one-way call with media flowing from the outgoing gateway to the terminating gateway. The sockets are then opened and bound to the IP address that are set by the bind command. The sockets accept packets destined for the bound address only. Bound interface IP address is removed.
The sockets are then opened to listen to any address, because the IP address has been removed. If the command bind is enabled on an outgoing gateway and the gateway has an active call, the call becomes a one-way call, with media flowing from the outgoing gateway to the terminating gateway. The physical cable is pulled on the bound port , or.
The sockets are then opened and bound to listen to any address. When the pulled cable is replaced, the result is as documented for no shutdown interfaces. The call becomes a one-way call with media flowing in only one direction.
Media flows from the gateway where the change or shutdown took place, to the gateway where no change occurred. Thus, the gateway with the status change no longer receives media. The call is then disconnected, but the disconnected message is not understood by the gateway with the status change, and the call is still assumed to be active.
Note If there are active calls and the command bind is issued for the first time or issued while another bind command is in effect, the bind command does not take effect. A message is printed to remind you that there are active calls and the bind command changes cannot take effect. In delayed media negotiation, the SDP information is not completely advertised in the initial call setup.
Third-party call control is often used for conferencing and operator services creating a call connecting two parties together. The QoS module enables the VoIP SPIs to initiate resource reservation, modify parameters of an existing reservation, and clean up the reserved resources.
Interaction with forking proxies applies to gateways acting as a user agent client UAC , and takes place when a user is registered to several different locations. COMET indicates if the pre-conditions for a given call or session have been met. The addition of the underscore reduces the risk for the same name to be used for unrelated purposes.
SIP Intra-Gateway Hairpinning—SIP hairpinning is a call routing capability in which an incoming call on a specific gateway is signaled through the IP network and back out the same gateway.
Similarly, SIP hairpinning can be a call signaled from a line for example, a telephone line to the IP network and back out to a line on the same access gateway. With SIP hairpinning, unique gateways for ingress and egress are no longer necessary. Bad Request is a class response and includes the explanation Malformed Via Field. The SIP T. Much like a voice call, SIP T. If the dial peer is already configured for QoS, then the T. QoS ensures certain bandwidth reservations for calls.
The Store and Forward Fax feature enables Cisco series routers to transmit and receive faxes across packet-based networks using the H. When configured for fax detection, Cisco series routers automatically listen to incoming calls to discriminate between voice and fax. The routers then direct the calls to the appropriate application or server.
Fax detection is implemented by configuring a fax detection application and dial peers for fax detection. The fax detection application a Cisco IVR application determines whether a call is voice or fax so that the call is routed appropriately. A voice call can be broken into discrete call segments, or call legs, that connect the various intermediate points and end points of a call. Voice technologies use configuration constructs called dial peers to define call legs and to associate various attributes with them.
The attributes are used to make routing decisions that provide more flexibility than simply routing by a dialed number. This URL is subject to change without notice. If it changes, point your web browser to CCO, and click the following path:. Also, see the "Caveats" section. The following command line interface CLI commands and functionality are not supported on Cisco or routers:.
The following associated debug commands are also disabled:. The following features are not supported by Release The following functionality is not supported by Release The "faxrate " is now added to T.
The fans in some Cisco series routers stay off until thermally activated. The fans in Cisco and V routers are always on. When using a multipartition flash card, the various flash partitions are referred to as "flash", "flash", etc. If you specify only "flash" in a multipartition flash, the parser assumes "flash To see information for all flash partitions, enter show flash?
This will list all of the valid partitions. To see information for all flash partitions, enter show flash? This will list all of the valid partitions.
Then enter show flash:xx: all on each valid partition. Other rates are treated as the next lower value of a multiple of For example, an entered PCR value of is considered Booting a Cisco series router with the commands boot flash or boot system flash results in unpredictable behavior.
To work around this problem, be sure to enter a colon : following both commands for example, boot flash: or boot system flash:. Caveats describe unexpected behavior or defects in Cisco IOS software releases. Severity 1 caveats are the most serious caveats, severity 2 caveats are less serious, and severity 3 caveats are the least serious of these three severity levels. All caveats in Release Note If you have an account with Cisco.
To reach the Bug Toolkit, log in toCisco. This section describes unexpected behavior that is fixed in Releases An error can occur with management protocol processing. Please use the following URL for further information:. This section describes possibly unexpected behavior by Release Only severity 1 through 3 caveats are included. See the "Squeeze Flash Command Support" section. Performing an SNMP query returns no response.
The command default atm vp-per-vc does not work. The configured value remains , irrespective of the value entered with the command default atm vp-per-vc. The counter for the G. This caveat is a duplicate of CSCdv The following sections describe the documentation available for the Cisco series routers.
Typically, these documents consist of hardware and software installation guides, Cisco IOS configuration and command references, system error messages, feature modules, and other documents. Documentation is available as printed manuals or electronic documents, except for feature modules, which are available online on Cisco.
The following documents are specific to Release They are located on Cisco. Technical Documents : Product Bulletins. Feature modules describe new features supported by Release A feature module consists of a brief overview of the feature, benefits, configuration tasks, and a command reference.
As updates, the feature modules are available online only. Feature module information is incorporated in the next printing of the Cisco IOS documentation set. To reach the Release Feature Navigator is a web-based tool that enables you to quickly determine which Cisco IOS software images support a particular set of features and which features are supported in a particular Cisco IOS image. Feature Navigator is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
To access Feature Navigator, you must have an account on Cisco. If you have forgotten or lost your account information, e-mail the Contact Database Administration group at cdbadmin cisco. If you do not have an account on Cisco. For descriptions of existing hardware features and supported modules, see the hardware installation guides, configuration and command reference guides, and additional documents specific to the Cisco series routers, which are available on Cisco.
This URL is subject to change without notice. If it changes, point your web browser to Cisco. The following sample output from the show version command indicates the version number.
The Cisco IOS software is packaged in feature sets consisting of software images, depending on the platform. Each feature set contains a specific set of Cisco IOS features. Release For example, " If a cell in this column is empty, the feature was included in a previous release or in the initial base release. Note These feature set tables contain only a selected list of features, which are cumulative for Release The following sections list the new hardware and software features supported by the Cisco series routers for Release The following sections describe the new hardware features supported by the Cisco series routers for Release This two port Foreign Exchange Station FXS voice interface card VIC is a newer version of the existing card that can be used for connecting directly to a standard telephone, fax machine, or similar device, and supplies ring, voltage, and dial tone.
Ports on this VIC are color-coded gray. This module also provides V phantom power to PBXs and key switches that require it. The typical application of BRI-NT allows enterprise customers with a large installed base of legacy telephony equipment to bypass the public telephone network.
This card gives users the flexibility to configure the BRI port to either the user side or the network side. When configured as the network side, the router provides ISDN network-side services.
Users with all types of PBXs can send calls through a Cisco router and deliver those calls across the customer network.
However, note that the older card does not provide phantom power. The customer's connection can take a clock source from one port on any of these interfaces applies to both the original and new hardware and source that clock to any of the other interfaces.
It is possible to support NT and TE on the same module. The consideration is to ensure that clocking is configured correctly. The only consideration is to ensure that clocking is configured correctly so that no clock collision occurs.
Even though the router is acting as the network side, an ISDN phone is not supported and thus should not be connected directly to the BRI ports on the router. Other switch types will only be supported as user side. The PBX is usually is the trunk circuit side and the telco, CO, or Cisco voice enabled platform is the signaling unit side. This is the interface a standard telephone provides.
The FXO is on the switch end of the connection. It plugs directly into the line side of the switch so the switch thinks the FXO interface is a telephone. Ports on this VIC are color-coded pink. The FXO sits on the switch end of the connection.
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