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Working Principle The basic laws of Hydraulics The basic laws of fluid dynamics that govern the working of any hydraulic system are: Pascal's Law: It states that pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid such that the pressure ratio initial difference remains the same.
Constructional Details It consists of a crane and a hydraulic jigger. Constructional Details The pulleys enable to increase the velocity ratio between the wire rope and the ram. Documents Similar To Hydraulic Crane. Jayant Patil. Ravi Donga. Parth Patel. Narayan Prasad. Jayakrishnan Radhakrishnan. Eric Rogers. Pawan mehta. Aditya Ramamurthy. Anita Marquez. Shawn Chong. Prashant Balhara. Rajat Thakur. Handoko Dwi raharjo.
Tiso Blackstar Group. Govind Rajput. Andhika Herdiawan. Mohd Subhan. Er Prabhakar. Arsene Kaizen. For a while, mini - cranes are also used for constructing high buildings, in order to facilitate constructions by reaching tight spaces. Finally, we can find larger floating cranes, generally used to build oil rigs and salvage sunken ships. These days hydraulics principle is being used extensively in material handling processes through cranes.
Depending on the loads to be handled and the operations to be performed there are different types of cranes like Crawler Cranes, Truck Cranes, Floor Cranes. Hydraulic Crawler cranes are used for picking and moving huge amount of loads. Generally loads are kept in containers for Bulk loading. Hydraulic truck cranes have good flexibility with high load carrying capacities. Hydraulic workshop foldable crane used in industries for moving small to medium sized materials from one place to other.
The load carrying capacity can vary from 80 kg to half ton or more. Most powerful means of lifting objects:- It is one of the most powerful means of lifting objects is with the strength of a hydraulic crane. By harnessing the strength that liquid under pressure gives, and the ease with which it can be used, it is possible to transfer a relatively small amount of effort from one place to another, and hydraulic cranes are amongst the most efficient lifting systems available in the modern workplace.
Extremely stable in use:- Because the hydraulic cranes use a fixed system of pipes, constant pressure can be maintained once a part of the system has been moved into place, and this makes them extremely stable in use, and able to support relatively large weights. Very easy to maintain:- Hydraulic cranes are amongst the simplest systems that you can use within any industrial process, and are very easy to maintain. A very versatile tool:- Most hydraulic cranes are comparatively light weight, and the ease with which they can be moved from one area to another within the factory or distribution center, makes them a very versatile tool with lots of uses on a day to day basis.
From simple loading jobs in your loading bay area where the portable hydraulic cranes can be used to lift objects into a waiting truck to more complex jobs within the main factory, the lifts will come in very useful. Quite simple Design:- A hydraulic system works with a system of pumps and pistons that are filled with a liquid, usually a light oil or water. By moving the liquid under pressure from the pumps, pistons can be extended or reduced, and when these pistons are connected to a system of levers, the pistons can be used to lift surprisingly heavy weights.
The required dimensions of the driver and the driven wheels were taken as per the design equations. Pro E is the most widely used design software's which helps in designing 2 as well as 3 dimensional models using simplified alphabetical and numerical commands.
Both the driving and the driven wheels were drawn to the required dimensions using the circle command. A slot was cut on the Geneva wheel using the trim tool. It was then edited using polyline command and the remaining slots were constructed using the array tool.
The crank pin and the driving wheel were drawn to the required dimensions 5. The crane must be able to lift the weight of the load; 2. The crane must not topple; 3. The crane must not rupture. The lever:- A balance crane contains a horizontal beam the lever pivoted about a point called the fulcrum. The principle of the lever allows a heavy load attached to the shorter end of the beam to be lifted by a smaller force applied in the opposite direction to the longer end of the beam. The ratio of the load's weight to the applied force is equal to the ratio of the lengths of the longer arm and the shorter arm, and is called the mechanical advantage.
The Pulley:- A jib crane contains a tilted strut the jib that supports a fixed pulley block. Cables are wrapped multiple times round the fixed block and round another block attached to the load.
When the free end of the cable is pulled by hand or by a winding machine, the pulley system delivers a force to the load that is equal to the applied force multiplied by the number of lengths of cable passing between the two blocks.
This number is the mechanical advantage. The hydraulic:- This can be used directly to lift the load or indirectly to move the jib or beam that carries another lifting device.
Cranes, like all machines, obey the principle of conservation of energy. This means that the energy delivered to the load cannot exceed the energy put into the machine. For example, if a pulley system multiplies the applied force by ten, then the load moves only one tenth as far as the applied force.
Since energy is proportional to force multiplied by distance, the output energy is kept roughly equal to the input energy in practice slightly less, because some energy is lost to friction and other inefficiencies. The same principle can operate in reverse. In case of some problem, the combination of heavy load and great height can accelerate small objects to tremendous speed. Such projectiles can result in severe damage to nearby structures and people.
Cranes can also get in chain reactions; the rupture of one crane may in turn take out nearby cranes. Cranes need to be watched carefully. In practice, the magnitude of load that is permitted to be lifted called the "rated load" in the US is some value less than the load that will cause the crane to tip providing a safety margin. Standards for cranes mounted on ships or offshore platforms are somewhat stricter because of the dynamic load on the crane due to vessel motion.
Additionally, the stability of the vessel or platform must be considered. For stationary pedestal or kingpost mounted cranes, the moment created by the boom, jib, and load is resisted by the pedestal base or kingpost. Stress within the base must be less than the yield stress of the material or the crane will fail.
Base plates are made of caste iron metal rod. The rods are cut according to the dimensions and they are welded using metal arc welding. The horizontal arm is hinged and contains pulley in it so that hook can travel up and down. Hydraulic system is selected according to the power required. Assembly:- 1. Arrangement of four wheels on the four the base plate. Assembly of fixture for holding the bearing and the vertical column. Assembly horizontal arm. Assembly of hydraulic jack.
Connection of hoses with the hydraulic Jack. Installing Pulleys in horizontal and vertical arm. Installing high steel cable on the pulleys. Attaching a hook on the high steel cable. Pulley Fiber Outer Dia — 3. Horizontal Arm Mild Steel Length — Ball Bearing Stainless Steel 5. Wheels High Steel 7 cm 6.
Handle Mild Steel Length — Base Mild Steel Width — Hydraulic Jack 3ton High Steel 9. Wire cm Mild Steel Jack Holder Length — Nuts and Bolts: Nuts and bolts are the hardware fasteners which are used to fasten the various different parts. Wheels: A wheel is a circular component that is intended to rotate on an axial bearing.
The wheel is one of the main components of the wheel and axle which is one of the six simple machines. In our project we are using four wheels of diameter 7cm. Hydraulic jack: - A hydraulic jack is a jack that uses a liquid to push against a piston. The principle states that pressure in a closed container is the same at all points. If there are two cylinders connected, applying force to the smaller cylinder will result in the same amount of pressure in the larger cylinder.
However, since the larger cylinder has more area, the resulting force will be greater. In other words, an increase in area leads to an increase in force. The greater the difference in size between the two cylinders, the greater the increase in the force will be. A hydraulic jack operates based on this two cylinder system.
Truck Cranes b. Crawler-Mounted Cranes c. Overhead crane d. Tower Cranes a. Truck Cranes:- A crane mounted on a truck carrier provides the mobility for this type of crane. This crane has two parts: the carrier, often referred to as the Lower, and the lifting component which includes the boom, referred to as the Upper.
These are mated together through a turntable, allowing the upper to swing from side to side. These modern hydraulic truck cranes are usually single-engine machines, with the same engine powering the undercarriage and the crane. The upper is usually powered via hydraulics run through the turntable from the pump mounted on the lower.
In older model designs of hydraulic truck cranes, there were two engines. One in the lower pulled the crane down the road and ran a hydraulic pump for the outriggers and jacks. The one in the upper ran the upper through a hydraulic pump of its own. Many older operators favor the two-engine system due to leaking seals in the turntable of aging newer design cranes.
Generally, these cranes are able to travel on highways, eliminating the need for special equipment to transport the crane unless weight or other size constrictions are in place such as local laws. If this is the case, most larger cranes are equipped with either special trailers to help spread the load over more axles or are able to disassemble to meet requirements. An example is counterweights. Often a crane will be followed by another truck hauling the counterweights that are removed for travel.
In addition some cranes are able to remove the entire upper. However, this is usually only an issue in a large crane and mostly done with a conventional crane such as a Link-Belt HC When working on the job site, outriggers are extended horizontally from the chassis then vertically to level and stabilize the crane while stationary and hoisting. Many truck cranes have slow-travelling capability a few miles per hour while suspending a load.
Great care must be taken not to swing the load sideways from the direction of travel, as most anti-tipping stability then lies in the stiffness of the chassis suspension.
Most cranes of this type also have moving counterweights for stabilization beyond that provided by the outriggers. Loads suspended directly aft are the most stable, since most of the weight of the crane acts as a counterweight. Factory-calculated charts or electronic safeguards are used by crane operators to determine the maximum safe loads for stationary outriggered work as well as on- rubber loads and travelling speeds.
Crawler-Mounted Cranes:- A crawler is a crane mounted on an undercarriage with a set of tracks also called crawlers that provide stability and mobility.
Crawler cranes range in lifting capacity from about 40 to 3, short tons Crawler cranes have both advantages and disadvantages depending on their use. Their main advantage is that they can move around on site and perform each lift with little set-up, since the crane is stable on its tracks with no outriggers. In addition, a crawler crane is capable of traveling with a load. The main disadvantage is that they are very heavy, and cannot easily be moved from one job site to another without significant expense.
Typically a large crawler must be disassembled and moved by trucks, rail cars or ships to its next location. Overhead crane Overhead crane being used in typical machine shop. The hoist is operated via a wired pushbutton station to move system and the load in any direction. An overhead crane, also known as a bridge crane, is a type of crane where the hook-and-line mechanism runs along a horizontal beam that itself runs along two widely separated rails.
Often it is in a long factory building and runs along rails along the building's two long walls. It is similar to a gantry crane. Overhead cranes typically consist of either a single beam or a double beam construction. These can be built using typical steel beams or a more complex box girder type. Pictured on the right is a single bridge box girder crane with the hoist and system operated with a control pendant.
Double girder bridge are more typical when needing heavier capacity systems from 10 tons and above. The advantage of the box girder type configuration results in a system that has a lower deadweight yet a stronger overall system integrity. Also included would be a hoist to lift the items, the bridge, which spans the area covered by the crane, and a trolley to move along the bridge.
The most common overhead crane use is in the steel industry. At every step of the manufacturing process, until it leaves a factory as a finished product, steel is handled by an overhead crane.
Raw materials are poured into a furnace by crane, hot steel is stored for cooling by an overhead crane, the finished coils are lifted and loaded onto trucks and trains by overhead crane, and the fabricator or stamper uses an overhead crane to handle the steel in his factory.
The automobile industry uses overhead cranes for handling of raw materials. Smaller workstation cranes handle lighter loads in a work-area, such as CNC mill or saw.
Almost all paper mills use bridge cranes for regular maintenance requiring removal of heavy press rolls and other equipment. The bridge cranes are used in the initial construction of paper machines because they facilitate installation of the heavy cast iron paper drying drums and other massive equipment, some weighing as much as 70 tons. Tower Cranes:- Tower cranes are a modern form of balance crane that consist of the same basic parts.
Fixed to the ground on a concrete slab and sometimes attached to the sides of structures as well , tower cranes often give the best combination of height and lifting capacity and are used in the construction of tall buildings. The base is then attached to the mast which gives the crane its height. Further the mast is attached to the slewing unit gear and motor that allows the crane to rotate. On top of the slewing unit there are three main parts which are: the long horizontal jib working arm , shorter counter-jib, and the operators cab.
Tower crane cabin. The long horizontal jib is the part of the crane that carries the load. The counter-jib carries a counterweight, usually of concrete blocks, while the jib suspends the load to and from the center of the crane. The crane operator either sits in a cab at the top of the tower or controls the crane by radio remote control from the ground. Cranes and Derricks in Construction; Final Rule Federal register release of the new standard for cranes and derricks.
State or local government licensing is effective November 8, Other certification and qualification is effective November 10, Crane A-frame mast falls on rigger Description and photo of another crane accident. Construction and Mining Equipment PowerPoint Resources Browse these additional mining and construction related categories for more PowerPoint resources.
Construction and Mining Equipment Video Resources Browse these additional mining and construction related categories for more Video resources.
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